The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of two G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCRs), the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, and the two main endogenous lipid …

Serotonin is a neuromodulator that is extensively entangled in fundamental aspects of brain
function and behavior. We present a computational view of its involvement in the control of …

Background The nucleus accumbens is the ventral extent of the striatum, the main input
nucleus of the basal ganglia. Recent hypotheses propose that the accumbens and its …

In this review, we first provide a historical perspective of inhibitory signaling from the
discovery of inhibition through to our present understanding of the diversity and mechanisms …

Striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are central for the processing and reinforcement of
reward‐related behaviors that are negatively affected in states of altered dopamine …

Although one proposed function of both the striatum and its major dopamine inputs is related
to coding rewards and reward-related stimuli, an alternative view suggests a more general …

The technique of electrical stimulation of brain tissue—known clinically as deep brain
stimulation (DBS)—is at the fore of treatment of human neurological disease. Here we …

Central nervous system cholinergic neurons arise from several discrete sources, project to
multiple brain regions, and exert specific effects on reward, learning, and memory. These …

Changing the strength of synaptic connections between neurons is widely assumed to be
the mechanism by which memory traces are encoded and stored in the central nervous …

The present experiments determined whether temporary inactivation or blockade of
muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the dorsomedial striatum affects acquisition or reversal …