Peat depositional environments, the sites where and conditions under which peat
accumulates, significantly influence a resultant coal's physical properties, chemical …

Time and again, over hundreds of millions of years, environmental disturbances have
caused mass extinctions of animals ranging from reptiles to corals. The anthropogenic loss …

The end-Permian mass extinction is the greatest biotic crisis in Earth history causing the
extinction of a large number of marine and terrestrial animals globally. However, how land …

Abstract The Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME, ca. 252 Mya) was one of the most
severe biotic crises of the Phanerozoic, eliminating> 90% of marine and terrestrial species …

Insect and mite galls on land plants have a spotty but periodically rich and abundant fossil
record of damage types (DTs), ichnotaxa, and informally described gall morphotypes. The …

Mammals are arguably the most conspicuous tetrapods in the modern biota. Although there
are fewer extant mammal species (~ 5,500) than birds (~ 10,000) or squamates (~ 10,000) …

The fossil record of mid to late Permian terrestrial vertebrates in the South African Karoo
Basin is regarded as the most abundant and diverse in the world. Despite the extensive …

Wetlands are important to continental evolution, providing both arenas and refugia for
emerging and declining biotas. This significance and the high preservation potential make …

Despite a continuous increase in fossil charcoal records from Late Palaeozoic deposits,
which are used as direct evidence for palaeo-wildfires, detailed studies on the charcoal …

The narrow active temperature ranges of ectothermic tetrapods can be used as proxies for
reconstructing paleoclimates. Here we deduce the climatic preferences of major Permo …