Hox proteins are a deeply conserved group of transcription factors originally defined for their
critical roles in governing segmental identity along the antero-posterior (AP) axis in …

It is generally accepted that many genes present in vertebrate genomes owe their origin to
two whole-genome duplications that occurred deep in the ancestry of the vertebrate lineage …

HOX genes encode transcriptional factors that play a pivotal role in specifying regional
identity in nearly every bilateral animal. The birth of HOX gene cluster and its subsequent …

Collagen gene family, comprising 30% of the total protein mass in mammals, is the major
part of extracellular matrix. To understand the complexity of collagen gene family, detailed …

Background The skin in vertebrates is a protective barrier and damage is rapidly repaired to
re-establish barrier function and maintain internal homeostasis. The angiopoietin-like …

Issues of the organization of albumin (a protein belonging to the superfamily of albuminoids)
are considered using the example of model representatives of lower aquatic vertebrates …

Background The hypothesis that vertebrates have experienced two ancient, whole genome
duplications (WGDs) is of central interest to evolutionary biology and has been implicated in …

Evolution of organismal complexity and origin of novelties during vertebrate history has
been widely explored in context of both regulation of gene expression and gene duplication …

Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) that plays various roles in
development to influence differentiation, patterning, and organogenesis. RA also serves as …

Background Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying the organismal complexity
and origin of novelties during vertebrate history is one of the central goals of evolutionary …