Antiretroviral therapy, also known as antiretroviral therapy (ART), has been at the forefront of
the ongoing battle against human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency …

Immune exhaustion is a condition associated with chronic infections and cancers,
characterized by the inability of antigen-specific T cells to eliminate the cognate antigen …

Practical relevance: Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a debilitating disease for cats
and a challenge for veterinarians and cat caregivers alike. Recent literature indicates that …

Immune checkpoints (ICPs) consist of paired receptor-ligand molecules that exert inhibitory
or stimulatory effects on immune defense, surveillance, regulation, and self-tolerance. ICPs …

Introduction Underlying liver disease and the intrinsic chemoresistance have historically
hampered the development of efficacious treatments in HCC. However, in the last few years …

Viruses utilize host cells at all stages of their life cycle, from the transcription of genes and
translation of viral proteins to the release of viral copies. The human immune system …

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental microorganisms
capable of a wide range of infections that primarily involve the lymphatic system and the …

Of the 38 million people currently living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1),
women, especially adolescents and young women, are disproportionally affected by the HIV …

Cancer immunotherapy, largely represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), has led
to substantial changes in preclinical cancer research and clinical oncology practice over the …

Abstract Purpose of Review Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe
opportunistic infection that remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in people …