The use of cancer vaccines is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in clinical
oncology, which is achieved by stimulating antitumor immunity with tumor antigens delivered …

Tumor immunotherapy characterized by its high specificity and minimal side effects has
achieved revolutionary progress in the field of cancer treatment. However, the complex …

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are a specialized subset of long-lived memory T cells
that reside in peripheral tissues. However, the impact of TRM-related immunosurveillance …

Peptides are a class of active substances composed of a variety of amino acids with special
physiological functions. The rational design of peptide sequences at the molecular level …

Vaccines has long been the focus of antiviral immunotherapy research. Viral epitopes are
thought to be useful biomarkers for immunotherapy (both antibody-based and cellular). In …

Metastatic cancer is a stage where cancer cells from the primary site have spread to other
parts of the body, and treatment options may be limited. However, immunotherapy is a …

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) shares similar immunological and
clinical features with multiple sclerosis (MS), and is therefore widely used as a model to …

The customization of cancer vaccinations has received a lot of interest lately. Nevertheless,
despite the numerous vaccine techniques targeting various tumors that have been studied …