Inflammation plays an important role in the response to danger signals arising from damage
to our body and in restoring homeostasis. Dysregulated inflammatory responses occur in …

The protective blood–brain barrier has a major role in ensuring normal brain function by
severely limiting and tightly controlling the ingress of substances into the brain from the …

Loss-of-function heterozygous mutations in GRN, the gene encoding progranulin (PGRN),
were identified in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) almost two …

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex multi-cellular structure consisting of endothelial
cells (ECs), neurons, glia, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and pericytes. Each component is …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in the protection and maintenance of
homeostasis in the brain. In this way, it is an interesting target as an interface for various …

To continuously process neural activity underlying sensation, movement and cognition, the
CNS requires a homeostatic microenvironment that is not only enriched in nutrients to meet …

Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (NBDDS) are widely used to improve the safety
and therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated drugs due to their unique physicochemical and …

Obtaining efficient drug delivery to the brain remains the biggest challenge for the
development of therapeutics to treat diseases of the central nervous system. The main …

Several lines of evidence suggest that stress induces the neurovascular dysfunction
associated with increased blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, which could be an …

Nowadays, a large population around the world, especially the elderly, suffers from
neurological inflammatory and degenerative disorders/diseases. Current drug delivery …