The authors propose that the goal objects of motivated behaviors serve as reinforces.
Animals sensitize and then habituate to these reinforcers with repeated contact, altering their …

For most animals, the environment is a complex of variables fluctuating with a distinct 24-hr
periodicity. There are abiotic fluctuations as a direct consequence of the earth's rotation on …

This classic edition of the Handbook of Operant Behavior presents seminal work in the field
of learning and behavior, foreshadowing a new direction for learning research, and …

Interest in rhythms of animal behavior derives from the recognition that the biological value
of a behavior depends as much on when it occurs as on the particular form it takes (see …

Behaving organisms are continually choosing. Recently the theoretical and empirical study
of decision making by behavioral ecologists and experimental psychologists have …

Feeding was patterned into meals separated by intervals of non-random length. Meal length,
which showed a marked circadian rhythm, was positively correlated with the length of the …

For the maintenance of its caloric and nutritional balance, an animal must consume food.
The level of intake ultimately depends upon the factors that govern onset and cessation of …

The mechanics of behavior developed by Killeen (1994) is extended to deal with deprivation
and satiation and with recovery of arousal at the beginning of sessions. The extended theory …

For five species of hummingbirds in the laboratory, time between meals was related to
energy intake on the first meal and rate of energy expenditure between meals. Field …

Operant psychology started with a meal. This chapter aims to focus on different points in
Skinner's original analysis of feeding. It considers whether Skinner's use of the reflex as the …