Aging women experience hormonal changes, such as decreased estrogen and increased
circulating androgen, due to natural or surgical menopause. These hormonal changes make …

Much evidence has accumulated in the literature over the last fifteen years that indicates
vitamin A has a role in metabolic disease prevention and causation. This literature proposes …

Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum
of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic …

Dietary intake and tissue levels of carotenoids have been associated with a reduced risk of
several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, brain …

As succinctly summarized by Wolf, 1 lack of vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) was recognized by
ancient Egyptians as causing a visual deficiency involving the retina and cornea that could …

By definition, a vitamin is a substance that must be obtained regularly from the diet. Vitamin
A must be acquired from the diet, but unlike most vitamins, it can also be stored within the …

Carotenoids represent a large class of terpenoids characterized by an extensively
conjugated polyene chain. The conjugation system imparts carotenoids with excellent light …

Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol, 1, Figure 1) is considered the most multifunctional vitamin in the
human body. 1 It plays key roles in many physiological processes such as vision …

β-Carotene intake and tissue/blood concentrations have been associated with reduced
incidence of several chronic diseases. Further bioactive carotenoid-metabolites can …

The ketocarotenoid fucoxanthin and its derivatives can absorb blue–green light enriched in
marine environments. Fucoxanthin is widely adopted by phytoplankton species as a main …