Objective: To provide an overview of ML models and data streams utilized for automated
surgical phase recognition. Background: Phase recognition identifies different steps and …

Background Augmented reality (AR) technology is used to reconstruct three-dimensional
(3D) images of hepatic and biliary structures from computed tomography and magnetic …

Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop describes the change from the current Internet,
which focuses on the democratization of information independent of location or time, to the …

Purpose The development of common ontologies has recently been identified as one of the
key challenges in the emerging field of surgical data science (SDS). However, past and …

The prevalence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing due to advanced imaging
techniques. Surgical resection is the standard treatment, involving complex radical and …

Experts are imperative for training apprentices, but learning from experts is difficult. Experts
often struggle to explicate and/or verbalize their knowledge or simply overlook important …

Background Virtual reality (VR) with head-mounted displays (HMD) may improve medical
training and patient care by improving display and integration of different types of …

Background Tools for assessment of technical skills are a crucial part of surgical education.
They provide trainees with quantitative feedback highlighting both proficiency and areas for …

Introduction The most common way of assessing surgical performance is by expert raters to
view a surgical task and rate a trainee's performance. However, there is huge potential for …

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made considerable progress within the last decade and is the
subject of contemporary literature. This trend is driven by improved computational abilities …