The landscape of fear (LOF) concept posits that prey navigate spatial heterogeneity in
perceived predation risk, balancing risk mitigation against other activities necessary for …

Many ecological and evolutionary processes are affected by urbanization, but cities vary by
orders of magnitude in their human population size and areal extent. To quantify and …

Apex predators such as large carnivores can have cascading, landscape‐scale impacts
across wildlife communities, which could result largely from the fear they inspire, although …

Lions have long been perceived as Africa's, if not the world's, most fearsome terrestrial
predator, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 the" king of beasts". Wildlife's fear of humans may, however …

Human impacts on wildlife stem from both our footprint on the landscape and the presence
of people in wildlife habitat. Each may influence wildlife at very different spatial and temporal …

Human–wildlife interactions, including human–wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as
expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter …

The challenge that large carnivores face in coexisting with humans calls into question their
ability to carry out critical ecosystem functions such as mesopredator suppression outside …

The ecology of fear concerns the population-, community-, and ecosystem-level
consequences of the behavioral interactions between predators and prey, ie, the aggregate …

Human disturbance may fundamentally alter the way that species interact, a prospect that
remains poorly understood. We investigated whether anthropogenic landscape modification …

Outdoor recreation in natural areas has become an increasingly popular activity globally, yet
the long-term effects on wildlife are poorly known. Reconciling human access to nature and …