Background Sharing of equipment used for injecting drug use (IDU) is a substantial cause of
disease burden and a contributor to blood-borne virus transmission. We did a global …

Background & Aims Central neuromodulators (antidepressants, antipsychotics, and other
central nervous system− targeted medications) are increasingly used for treatment of …

We summarise the evidence for medicinal uses of opioids, harms related to the extramedical
use of, and dependence on, these drugs, and a wide range of interventions used to address …

Policy Points This article reconceptualizes our understanding of the opioid epidemic and
proposes six strategies that address the epidemic's social roots. In order to successfully …

Importance Opioids are frequently prescribed to children and adolescents after surgery.
Prescription opioid misuse is associated with high-risk behavior in youth. Evidence-based …

Opioid use kills tens of thousands of Americans each year, devastates families and entire
communities, and cripples the health care system. Exposure to opioids causes long-term …

Background US opioid overdose death rates have increased between 2000 and 2014.
While, the increase in prescription opioid use has been linked to the increase in heroin use …

Background Risk factors associated with developing opioid use disorders (OUD) are
documented, but less is known about different pathways to initiation of opioids or opioid …

Opioid use disorders (OUDs) are diseases of the brain with behavioral, psychological,
neurobiological, and medical manifestations. Vulnerability to OUDs can be affected by …

Importance There is concern that nonmedical prescription opioid use is associated with an
increased risk of later heroin use initiation in adolescents, but to our knowledge, longitudinal …