It has been 50 years since Francis Fontan pioneered the operation that today bears his
name. Initially designed for patients with tricuspid atresia, this procedure is now offered for a …

Lymphatic abnormalities encompass a wide range of disorders spanning solitary common
cystic lymphatic malformations (LMs) to entities involving multiple organ systems such as …

Congenital heart defects occur in 8 per 1000 live births, with anomalies ranging from minor
septal defects to major structural abnormalities of the great vessels or ventricles. Why focus …

Lymphatic abnormalities in patients with single ventricle physiology can lead to early Fontan
failure and severe Fontan complications, such as protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), plastic …

Lymphatic flow disorders include a broad spectrum of abnormalities that can originate in the
lymphatic or the venous system. The development of these disorders is multifactorial and is …

Abstract Purpose of Review Lymphatic disorders have received an increasing amount of
attention over the last decade. Sparked primarily by improved imaging modalities and the …

Background Recent studies suggest that lymphatic congestion plays a role in development
of late Fontan complications, such as protein‐losing enteropathy. However, the role of the …

Background: Lymphatic embolization therapy has proven effective for Fontan failure from
plastic bronchitis or protein-losing enteropathy but not when multiple lymphatic …

The lymphatic system has been poorly understood and its importance neglected for
decades. Growing understanding of lymphatic flow pathophysiology through peripheral and …

The Fontan operation is a lifesaving procedure for patients with functional single-ventricle
congenital heart disease, where hypoplastic left heart syndrome is the most frequent …