Many attempts have been made to localize the physical trace of a memory, or engram, in the
brain. However, until recently, engrams have remained largely elusive. In this Review, we …

Scientific evidence based on neuroimaging approaches over the last decade has
demonstrated the efficacy of physical activity improving cognitive health across the human …

De novo transcription of DNA is a fundamental requirement for the formation of long-term
memory. It is required during both consolidation and reconsolidation, the posttraining and …

Transcription is a molecular requisite for long-term synaptic plasticity and long-term memory
formation. Thus, in the last several years, one main interest of molecular neuroscience has …

Despite the importance of numerous psychosocial factors, at its core, drug addiction involves
a biological process: the ability of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse to induce changes …

The activation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-dependent gene
expression seems a crucial step in the molecular cascade that mediates the formation of …

Millions of people regularly obtain insufficient sleep. Given the effect of sleep deprivation on
our lives, understanding the cellular and molecular pathways affected by sleep deprivation …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among the elderly,
characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation in the …

Only a limited number of animal species lend themselves to becoming model organisms in
multiple biological disciplines: one of these is the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis …

Neuro 2A (N2a) is a mouse neural crest-derived cell line that has been extensively used to
study neuronal differentiation, axonal growth and signaling pathways. A convenient …