The failure of animal models to predict therapeutic responses in humans is a major problem
that also brings into question their use for basic research. Organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) …

Precision oncology continues to challenge the “one-size-fits-all” dogma. Under the precision
oncology banner, cancer patients are screened for molecular tumor alterations that predict …

Women's health concerns are generally underrepresented in basic and translational
research, but reproductive health in particular has been hampered by a lack of …

Engineering chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or T cell receptors (TCR) helps create
disease-specific T cells for targeted therapy, but the cost and rigor associated with …

One of the problems that has slowed the development and approval of new anticancer
therapies is the lack of preclinical models that can be used to identify key molecular, cellular …

For the past century, experimental data obtained from animal studies have been required by
reviewers of scientific articles and grant applications to validate the physiological relevance …

Drug development is a long process whose main content includes drug synthesis, drug
delivery, and drug evaluation. Compared with conventional drug development procedures …

Organoids are in vitro self-assembling, organ-like, three-dimensional cellular structures that
stably retain key characteristics of the respective organs. Organoids can be generated from …

In vitro 3D models are advanced biological tools that have been established to overcome
the shortcomings of oversimplified 2D cultures and mouse models. Various in vitro 3D …

Solid tumors generate a suppressive environment that imposes an overwhelming burden on
the immune system. Nutrient depletion, waste product accumulation, hypoxia, and pH …