Background Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is increasingly used in the field
of posture and gait to investigate patterns of cortical brain activation while people move …

Introduction Human locomotion is affected by several factors, such as growth and aging,
health conditions, and physical activity levels for maintaining overall health and well-being …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a systemic brain disorder where the cortical cholinergic network
begins to degenerate early in the disease process. Readily accessible, quantitative, and …

As automobile manufacturers have begun to design, engineer, and test autonomous driving
systems of the future, brain imaging with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can …

Background Experimental designs using surrogate gait-like movements, such as in
functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cannot fully capture the cortical activation …

Compliance control is crucial for physical human–robot interaction, which can enhance the
safety and comfort of robot-assisted rehabilitation. In this study, we designed a …

Robot-aided gait training (RAGT) plays a crucial role in providing high-dose and high-
intensity task-oriented physical therapy. The human-robot interaction during RAGT remains …

Time is infinite movement in constant motion. We are glad to see that Neurorestoratology, a
new discipline, has grown into a rich field involving many global researchers in recent years …

Objective Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) based on wrist-ankle
acupuncture has been shown to relieve pain levels in patients with myofascial pain …

Motor control is associated with suppression of oscillatory activity in alpha (8–12 Hz) and
beta (12–30 Hz) ranges and elevation of oxygenated hemoglobin levels in motor-cortical …