Bio-based polymers are a class of polymers made by living organisms, a few of them known
and commercialized yet. Due to poor mechanical strength and economic constraints, they …

Rapid increment in fossil-derived single-use plastic disposal has led to human-made plastic
mountains and leading to ecological imbalance. Therefore, the development of alternative …

Over the past few decades, with the development of science and technology, the field of
biomedicine has rapidly developed, especially with respect to biomedical materials. Low …

Social and economic development has driven considerable scientific and engineering
efforts on the discovery, development and utilization of polymers. Polylactic acid (PLA) is …

Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), one of the most important classes of specialty polymeric
materials, has immense potential in several industrial applications. They have unique rubber …

Fermented foods represent an important segment of current food markets, especially
traditional or ethnic food markets. The demand for efficient utilization of agrowastes, together …

Lactic acid was discovered in 1780 by CW Scheele in sour milk, and in 1881 Fermi obtained
lactic acid by fermentation, resulting in its industrial production. The yearly world lactic acid …

Upcoming bio-refineries will be at the heart of the manufacture of future transportation fuels,
chemicals and materials. A narrow number of platform molecules are envisioned to bridge …

Depolymerization of cellulose to glucose requires the synergistic action of three key
cellulases, endoglucanase (EC 3.2. 1.4), exoglucanase (EC 3.2. 1.176)(EC 3.2. 1.91) and β …

Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is globally available and sustainable feedstock containing
sugar-rich platform that can be converted to biofuels and specialty products through …