Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects
more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cellular
metabolism, catabolism, immune responses, autophagy, survival, proliferation, and …

The target of rapamycin (TOR), discovered 30 years ago, is a highly conserved
serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a central role in regulating cell growth and …

Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and
proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the dominant challenge in the failure of chemotherapy in
cancers. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a lipid kinase that spreads intracellular …

Oncogenic signalling and metabolic alterations are interrelated in cancer cells. mTOR,
which is frequently activated in cancer, controls cell growth and metabolism. mTOR …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complicated metabolic diseases that affect multiple
organs and are characterized by hyperglycaemia. Currently, stable and effective treatments …

The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in
regulation of cell survival, metabolism, growth and protein synthesis in response to upstream …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that gets inputs from
the amino acids, nutrients, growth factor, and environmental cues to regulate varieties of …

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth
factor receptors, and elevated PI3K signaling is considered a hallmark of cancer. Many PI3K …