Antagonistic antibodies targeting the inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor PD-1 or its
ligand PD-L1 are used to treat a wide range of cancer types and can substantially improve …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer that is most frequently
detected at advanced stages, limiting treatment options to systemic chemotherapy with …

In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in tumor immunotherapy. However, tumor
immunotherapy, particularly anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, is effective in …

Despite centuries since the discovery and study of cancer, cancer is still a lethal and
intractable health issue worldwide. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have gained much …

Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) promotes antitumor immune responses and can result in
durable patient benefit. However, response rates in breast cancer patients remain modest …

The overall response rate for anti–PD-1 therapy remains modest in hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). We found that a combination of IFNα and anti–PD-1–based …

Prostate cancer (PCa) affects millions of men globally. Due to advances in understanding
genomic landscapes and biological functions, the treatment of PCa continues to improve …

Immunotherapies have shown benefits across a range of human cancers, but not pancreatic
ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent evidence suggests that the immunosuppressive …

Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research.
They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional …

The immunosuppressive molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently
upregulated in human cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor, programmed death-1 (PD …