Steel slag is a by-product discharged from the steelmaking process, which is characterized
by abundant free calcium/magnesium oxide, low cementitious properties, and high contents …

Cracks in cement concrete composites, whether autogenous or loading-initiated, are almost
inevitable and often difficult to detect and repair, posing a threat to safety and durability of …

Steel slags are industrial by-products of steel manufacturing, characterized as highly
calcareous, siliceous and ferrous. They can be categorized into basic oxygen furnace (BOF) …

Diffusion of CO 2 strongly influenced the carbonation efficiency of steel slag. A novel
approach for preparing steel slag-based artificial lightweight aggregates (SALAs) was …

Heuristically known at least since the first half of XIX century, the self-healing capacity of
cement-based materials has been receiving keen attention from the civil engineering …

Natural aggregate is commonly used in mortar and concrete. In some places in the world,
the natural aggregate may no longer reach the construction demands in terms of quality …

Concrete is a material that is widely used in the construction market due to its availability
and cost, although it is prone to fracture formation. Therefore, there has been a surge in …

The disposal of steel slag in landfills not only squanders precious landfill resources but also
results in significant environmental contamination. Steel slag can be used to replace cement …

To achieve the extended service life of the concrete material, expansive chemicals and
microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation are used, which induced autonomous …

As urbanization progresses, the demand for high-rise buildings and underground spaces is
growing, and the need for firm geotechnical construction materials, efficient excavation …