Ciliopathies comprise a group of disorders associated with genetic mutations encoding
defective proteins, which result in either abnormal formation or function of cilia. As cilia are a …

The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent and migratory cell population that generates
an astonishingly diverse array of cell types during vertebrate development. These cells …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) provides the intrinsic innervation of the bowel and is the
most neurochemically diverse branch of the peripheral nervous system, consisting of two …

Primary cilia were the largely neglected nonmotile counterparts of their better-known cousin,
the motile cilia. For years these nonmotile cilia were considered evolutionary remnants of …

Ubiquitous in nature, cilia and flagella comprise nearly identical structures with similar
functions. The most obvious example of the latter is motility: driving movement of the …

Since its debut in the biomedical research fields in 1981, zebrafish have been used as a
vertebrate model organism in more than 40,000 biomedical research studies. Especially …

Morphological integration and modularity have become central concepts in evolutionary
biology and geometric morphometrics. This review summarizes the most frequently used …

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive multisystemic human genetic
disorder characterized by six major defects including obesity, mental retardation, renal …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) arises from neural crest-derived cells that migrate into
and along the gut, leading to the formation of a complex network of neurons and glial cells …

Cell motility and migration play pivotal roles in numerous physiological and
pathophysiological processes including development and tissue repair. Cell migration is …