A great deal of research aims to identify risk factors related to individual vulnerability to
develop stress-induced psychopathologies. Here, we summarize evidence that point at …

Rationale The chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm was first described almost 40 years ago
and has become a widely used model in the search for antidepressant drugs for major …

Whole-chromosome copy number alterations, also known as aneuploidy, are associated
with adverse consequences in most cells and organisms. However, high frequencies of …

The plus-maze, the light–dark box and the open-field are the main current tests of
unconditioned anxiety for mice and rats. Despite their disappointing achievements, they …

Alcoholism is characterized by a compulsion to seek and ingest alcohol, loss of control over
intake, and the emergence of a negative emotional state during abstinence. We …

LINE-1 (L1) elements are retrotransposons that insert extra copies of themselves throughout
the genome using a 'copy and paste'mechanism. L1s comprise nearly∼ 20% of the human …

Many studies with chronic stress, a common depression paradigm, lead to inconsistent
behavioral results. We are introducing a new model of stress-induced anhedonia, which …

Background Stress is a major risk factor for depression, but not everyone responds to stress
in the same way. Identifying why certain individuals are more susceptible is essential for …

Anxiety-like behavior of rodents is frequently accompanied by reduced exploration. Here, we
identify dissociable components of anxiety, fear, and exploratory drive of sated and foraging …

To date, the reliability of induction of a depressive-like state using chronic stress models is
confronted by many methodological limitations. We believe that the modifications to the …