Water covers over 70% of the earth, has varying depths and temperatures and contains
much of the earth's resources. Head-out water immersion (HOWI) or submersion at various …

The energy expended to transport the body over a given distance (C, the energy cost)
increases with speed both on land and in water. At any given speed, C is lower on land (eg …

Although the functional properties of shark skin have been of considerable interest to both
biologists and engineers because of the complex hydrodynamic effects of surface …

It has long been suspected that the denticles on shark skin reduce hydrodynamic drag
during locomotion, and a number of man-made materials have been produced that purport …

Water covers over 75% of the earth, has a wide variety of depths and temperatures, and
holds a great deal of the earth's resources. The challenges of the underwater environment …

Both experiments and direct numerical simulations have been used to demonstrate that
riblets can reduce turbulent drag by as much as, but their systematic design remains an …

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of trunk incline (TI) and projected frontal
area (A eff) in determining drag during active/passive measurements. Active drag (D a) was …

The aims of this study were to compare drag in swimming children and adults, quantify
technique using the technique drag index (TDI), and use the Froude number (Fr) to study …

Purpose The objective of this study is to identify which type of pacing profiles are most
prominently used in elite 400-m freestyle swimming. Methods Two hundred sixty-four swims …

The purpose of this study was to use the planimetric method to determine frontal area (Ap)
throughout the stroke cycle in the four swimming strokes as well as during “streamlined leg …