Transcription is the first step in gene expression, and its regulation underlies multicellular
development and the response to environmental changes. Most studies of transcriptional …

In Escherichia coli crosstalk between DNA supercoiling, nucleoid-associated proteins and
major RNA polymerase σ initiation factors regulates growth phase-dependent gene …

Transcription elongation is regulated at several different levels, including control by various
accessory transcription elongation factors. A distinct group of these factors interacts with the …

The first step in gene expression in all organisms requires opening the DNA duplex to
expose one strand for templated RNA synthesis. In Escherichia coli, promoter DNA …

Understanding the pathway and kinetic mechanisms of transcription initiation is essential for
quantitative understanding of gene regulation, but initiation is a multistep process, the …

To investigate roles of the discriminator and open complex (OC) lifetime in transcription
initiation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP; α2ββ'ωσ70), we compare productive …

The solventogenic bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum is an important species of the
Clostridium community. To develop a fundamental tool that is useful for biological studies of …

Background Transcription elongation is frequently interrupted by pausing signals in DNA,
with downstream effects on gene expression. Transcription errors also induce prolonged …

The Escherichia coli proteins DksA, GreA, and GreB are all structural homologs that bind the
secondary channel of RNA polymerase (RNAP) but are thought to act at different levels of …

Transcription elongation factor GreA induces nucleolytic activity of bacterial RNA
polymerase (RNAP). In vitro, transcript cleavage by GreA contributes to transcription …