Thousands of human deaths occur annually due to Japanese encephalitis (JE), caused by
Japanese encephalitis virus. During the virus infection of the central nervous system …

Flaviviruses are known to cause a variety of diseases in humans in different parts of the
world. There are very limited numbers of antivirals to combat flavivirus infection, and …

The common feature of flaviviral infection is the accumulation of abundant virus-derived
noncoding RNA, named flaviviral subgenomic RNA (sfRNA) in infected cells. This RNA …

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, which maintains cellular homeostasis by
eliminating pathogen-infected cells. It contains three signaling pathways: death receptor …

The innate immune system is the host's first line of defense against the invasion of
pathogens including flavivirus. The programmed cell death controlled by genes plays an …

Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that exhibit worldwide distribution, contributing to
systemic and neurologic infections in a variety of geographical locations. Arboviruses are …

Zika virus is a pathogen that poses serious consequences, including congenital
microcephaly. Although many viruses reprogram host cell metabolism, whether Zika virus …

Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death that regulates cellular homeostasis by
removing damaged or unnecessary cells. Its importance in host defenses is highlighted by …

The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the Americas surprised all of us because of its rapid
spread and association with neurologic disorders including fetal microcephaly, brain and …

Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity for which
there is no treatment. In addition to direct viral cytopathology, the inflammatory response is …