Cognitive impairment occurs in most individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), exacting a
high toll on patients, their caregivers, and the healthcare system. In this review, we begin by …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the associated desensitisation of insulin signalling has been
identified as a risk factor for progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's …

A diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes has been associated with increased risk of
Parkinson's disease (PD) in several studies, but results have not been entirely consistent …

ABSTRACT Background Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an established risk factor for developing
Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effect on disease progression is not well understood …

Importance Early features of Parkinson disease (PD) have been described through
population-based studies that overrepresent White, affluent groups and may not be …

The heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease (PD), ie the various clinical phenotypes,
pathological findings, genetic predispositions and probably also the various implicated …

Importance The prodromal phase of Parkinson disease (PD) may last for more than 10
years. Recognition of the spectrum and occurrence of risk factors, comorbidities, and …

Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor has been
shown to lower the incidence of Parkinson's disease in patients with diabetes mellitus …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are both age-related diseases of
global concern being among the most common chronic metabolic and neurodegenerative …

Metformin is a first-line drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and one of the most
commonly prescribed drugs in the world. Besides its hypoglycemic effects, metformin also …