The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, which is initiated by
the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous …

Over the last decades, there was increasing evidence for the presence of innate immune
memory in living organisms. In this review, we compare the innate immune memory of …

Abstract Background The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is an ecologically
and economically relevant edible marine bivalve, highly invasive and resilient to biotic and …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane pattern recognition receptors that are best
known for their roles in innate immunity for the detection of and defense against microbial …

Molluscs are extremely diverse invertebrate animals with a rich fossil record, highly
divergent life cycles, and considerable economical and ecological importance. Key …

Mollusca represents the second largest animal phylum but remains poorly explored from a
genomic perspective. While the recent increase in genomic resources holds great promise …

Endosymbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria has enabled many deep-sea invertebrates to
thrive at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, but most previous studies on this mutualism …

Drug discovery for schistosomiasis is still limited to a handful of academic laboratories
worldwide, with only a few novel antischistosomal lead compounds being actively …

The emerging growth of nanotechnology has attracted great attention due to its application
in the parasite and intermediate host control. However, the knowledge concerning the …

Background The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) is a freshwater snail listed
among the top 100 worst invasive species worldwide and a noted agricultural and …