In recent years, there has been a significant expansion in female participation in endurance
(road and trail) running. The often reported sex differences in maximal oxygen uptake (V …

Running economy (RE) is considered an important physiological measure for endurance
athletes, especially distance runners. This review considers 1) how RE is defined and …

Profiling physiological attributes is an important role for applied exercise physiologists
working with endurance athletes. These attributes are typically assessed in well-rested …

In the study of balance and postural control the (Single) Inverted Pendulum model (SIP) has
been taken for a long time as an acceptable paradigm, with the implicit assumption that only …

This study aimed to compare the force (F)–velocity (v)–power (P)–time (t) relationships of
female and male world‐class sprinters. A total of 100 distance–time curves (50 women and …

Ultra-endurance has been defined as any exercise bout that exceeds 6 h. A number of
exceptional, record-breaking performances by female athletes in ultra-endurance sport have …

The economy of running has traditionally been quantified from the mass-specific oxygen
uptake; however, because fuel substrate usage varies with exercise intensity, it is more …

Metabolic measurement is still the criterion for investigation of the efficiency of mechanical
work and for analysis of endurance performance in running. Metabolic demand may be …

The human ankle joint and plantar flexor muscle–tendon unit play an important role in
endurance running. It has been assumed that muscle and tendon interactions and their …

The return of tendon strain energy is thought to contribute to reducing the energy cost of
running (Erun). However, this may not be consistent with the notion that increased Achilles …