In fusion reactors, surfaces of plasma facing components (PFCs) are exposed to high heat
and particle flux. Tungsten and Copper alloys are primary candidates for plasma facing …

Heat loads on the tungsten divertor targets in the ITER and the tokamak power reactors
reach~ 10MW m− 2 in the steady state of DT discharges, increasing to~ 0.6–3.5 GW m− 2 …

Edge-localized-modes (ELMs) are a ubiquitous feature of H-mode in tokamaks. When
gradients in the H-mode transport barrier grow to exceed the MHD stability limit the ELM …

Plasma wall interaction (PWI) is important for the material choice in ITER and for the plasma
scenarios compatible with material constraints. In this paper, different aspects of the PWI are …

In ITER, as in any tokamak, the first wall and divertor plasma-facing components (PFC) must
provide adequate protection of in-vessel structures, sufficient heat exhaust capability and be …

The heating of tungsten monoblocks at the ITER divertor vertical targets is calculated using
the heat flux predicted by three-dimensional ion orbit modelling. The monoblocks are …

As part of the ITER Design Review and in response to the issues identified by the Science
and Technology Advisory Committee, the ITER physics requirements were reviewed and as …

Component development for operation in a large-scale fusion device requires thorough
testing and qualification for the intended operational conditions. In particular environments …

Plasma facing components in future thermonuclear fusion devices will be subjected to
intense transient thermal loads due to type I edge localized modes (ELMs), plasma …

Sustained edge localized mode (ELM) mitigation has been achieved on MAST and AUG
using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) with various toroidal mode numbers over a …