Astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, which has a major
impact on brain functions, including memory, neuroprotection, resistance to oxidative stress …

The role of mitochondrial function in health and disease has become increasingly
recognized, particularly in the last two decades. Mitochondrial dysfunction as well as …

Once thought to be a waste product of anaerobic metabolism, lactate is now known to form
continuously under aerobic conditions. Shuttling between producer and consumer cells …

Lactate in the brain has long been associated with ischaemia; however, more recent
evidence shows that it can be found there under physiological conditions. In the brain …

Lactate (La−) has long been at the center of controversy in research, clinical, and athletic
settings. Since its discovery in 1780, La− has often been erroneously viewed as simply a …

The energy demands of the brain are high: they account for at least 20% of the body's
energy consumption. Evolutionary studies indicate that the emergence of higher cognitive …

The energy requirements of the brain are very high, and tight regulatory mechanisms
operate to ensure adequate spatial and temporal delivery of energy substrates in register …

Isotope tracer infusion studies employing lactate, glucose, glycerol, and fatty acid isotope
tracers were central to the deduction and demonstration of the Lactate Shuttle at the whole …

The normal aging human brain experiences global decreases in metabolism, but whether
this affects the topography of brain metabolism is unknown. Here we describe PET-based …

In the brain, mitochondrial metabolism has been largely associated with energy production,
and its dysfunction is linked to neuronal cell loss. However, the functional role of …