Recent findings have provided a molecular basis for the combined contributions of
multifaceted risk factors for the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS appears to start as a …

Personalized treatment is ideal for multiple sclerosis (MS) owing to the heterogeneity of
clinical features, but current knowledge gaps, including validation of biomarkers and …

Patients with multiple sclerosis acquire disability either through relapse-associated
worsening (RAW) or progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA). This study …

Importance Accumulation of disability in multiple sclerosis may occur as relapse-associated
worsening (RAW) or steady progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), with PIRA …

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease with new drugs becoming
available in the past years. There is a need for a reference tool compiling current data to aid …

Objective Rates of worsening and evolution to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
(MS) may be substantially lower in actively treated patients compared to natural history …

Multiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous
system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal/neuronal damage. The …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) affecting young people and leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The …

Purpose of review This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the current high-
efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) available for treatment of multiple sclerosis …

In the past decade, changes have occurred in the spectrum of multiple sclerosis courses.
The natural history of multiple sclerosis appears milder from the first sign of demyelinating …