Fossil fuels represent the primary energy supply utilized worldwide. Despite this, fossil fuels
are both limited resources and have severe environmental impacts that result in climate …

Biogas production is rising in the context of fossil fuel decline and the future circular
economy, yet raw biogas requires purification steps before use. Here, we review biogas …

Microalgal biomass has been proved to be a sustainable source for biofuels including bio-
oil, biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, etc. One of the collateral benefits of integrating the …

An algal feedstock or biomass may contain a very high oil fraction, and thus could be used
for the production of advanced biofuels via different conversion processes. Its major …

Due to the finite stock of fossil fuels and its negative impact on the environment, many
countries across the world are now leaning toward renewable sources energies like solar …

Directly, the utilization of petroleum-based fuels for energy supply in numerous applications
has led to their depletion accompanied by an increase of global warming to the atmosphere …

Biodiesel is a fuel that has numerous benefits over traditional petrodiesel. The
transesterification process is the most popular method for biodiesel production from various …

Advanced techniques have shown an effective approach to reducing nitrogen oxide (NO x)
emissions from biodiesel-fueled engines. The primary concern is higher NO x emissions …

Direct injection diesel engines are more popular in the automotive sector than spark ignition
(SI) engines due to its fuel lean operation. However, the demand of fossil fuel is rising day by …

Depletion of fossil fuel resources and stringent emission mandates has spurred the search
for improved diesel engines performance and cleaner combustion. One of the best …