Nowadays, the usage of photonic crystal fibers (PCF) has become a very quick and
prevalent innovation in sensor implementation. PCFs have unique features and capabilities …

An unstable bilirubin level in the human blood causes many dangerous health problems,
such as jaundice, coronary artery disease, ulcerative colitis, and brain lesions. Therefore …

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the most prevalent contaminants in the atmosphere. It is
mostly generated as a byproduct of the burning of sulfur-containing coal and oils, as well as …

This paper proposes a new circular hydrostatic pressure sensor based on a dual-core
photonic crystal fiber (DC-PCF) with a graphene layer that can be used in industrial and …

In this paper, a new and simple structure of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) surface plasmon
resonance biosensor is designed for detecting aqueous solutions. The graphene and …

One of the modern ways to diagnose diseases is through exhale gas of patients, which is
non-invasive and therefore desirable to doctors. The composition of exhaled breath contains …

Photonic crystal fiber sensors could be used for a variety of purposes including food
preservation, manufacturing, biomedicine, and environmental monitoring. These sensors …

We review progress in the development of photonic platforms for detecting gases. Unlike
sensors based on conventional refractive and diffractive optics, photonic sensors detect …

Detection of ammonia concentration in exhaled human breath is one of the early diagnoses
of renal disease. A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) gas sensor is designed, which gives the …

The OR-XOR-NOT gates are considered in this paper. They can be constructed in different
topologies such as ring resonator, self-collimation, waveguide, and cavity-based structures …