The multiscaling quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach was
introduced in 1976, while the extensive acceptance of this methodology started in the 1990s …

The first member and eponym of the rhodopsin family was identified in the 1930s as the
visual pigment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the animal retina. It was found to be a …

Bovine rhodopsin is among the most studied proteins in the rhodopsin family. Its primary
activation mechanism is the photoisomerization of 11-cis retinal, triggered by the absorption …

Photoisomerization, the structural alteration of molecules upon absorption of light, is crucial
for the function of biological chromophores such as retinal in opsins, proteins vital for vision …

Many simulation methods concerning solvated molecules are based on the assumption that
the solvated species and the solvent can be characterized by some representative structures …

There is a need to shift the absorbance of biomolecules to the optical transparency window
of tissue for applications in optogenetics and photo-pharmacology. There are a few …

Multiscale simulations have been established as a powerful tool to calculate and predict
excitation energies in complex systems such as photoreceptor proteins. In these simulations …

Animal visual rhodopsins can be classified into monostable and bistable rhodopsins, which
are typically found in vertebrates and invertebrates, respectively. The former example is …

Rhodopsin, the first visual pigment identified in the animal retina, was shown to be a
photosensitive membrane protein containing covalently bound retinal in the 11-cis …

Dr. Jonathan R. Church (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel) talked about “QM/MM
study of photochemistry in jumping spider rhodopsin-1”. Bistable rhodopsins are often …