Natural biomolecular systems have evolved to form a rich variety of supramolecular
materials and machinery fundamental to cellular function. The assembly of these structures …

Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger than 0.5 μm
in diameter, including microorganisms, foreign substances, and apoptotic cells …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial effectors of the innate immune system. They
provide the first line of defense against a variety of pathogens. AMPs display synergistic …

The iron hormone hepcidin and its receptor and cellular iron exporter ferroportin control the
major fluxes of iron into blood plasma: intestinal iron absorption, the delivery of recycled iron …

Intestinal Paneth cells modulate innate immunity and infection. In Crohn's disease, genetic
mutations together with environmental triggers can disable Paneth cell function. Here, we …

We report here the discovery and characterization of a gene, ELABELA (ELA), encoding a
conserved hormone of 32 amino acids. Present in human embryonic stem cells, ELA is …

A complex mucosal barrier protects as the first line of defense the surface of the healthy
intestinal tract from adhesion and invasion by luminal microorganisms. In this review, we …

Antibiotic resistance poses an increasingly grave threat to the public health. Of pressing
concern, rapid spread of carbapenem-resistance among multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram …

Numerous honeybee (Apis mellifera) products, such as honey, propolis, and bee venom, are
used in traditional medicine to prevent illness and promote healing. Therefore, this insect …

In the last decades, Staphylococcus aureus acquired a dramatic relevance in human and
veterinary medicine for different reasons, one of them represented by the increasing …