Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-
inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide …

Cytokine storm generates during various systemic acute infections, including sepsis and
current pandemic called COVID-19 (severe) causing devastating inflammatory conditions …

Importance Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome. Identification of distinct clinical
phenotypes may allow more precise therapy and improve care. Objective To derive sepsis …

Summary Caspase-11, a cytosolic endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS) receptor, mediates
pyroptosis, a lytic form of cell death. Caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis mediates lethality in …

Hepatocytes, the major parenchymal cells in the liver, play pivotal roles in metabolism,
detoxification, and protein synthesis. Hepatocytes also activate innate immunity against …

Sepsis is an infection-induced severe inflammatory disorder that leads to multiple organ
failure. Amongst organs affected, myocardial depression is believed to be a major …

Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection leading to life-
threatening organ dysfunction. Sepsis-induced liver injury is recognized as a powerful …

Despite the progress made in the clinical management of sepsis, sepsis morbidity and
mortality rates remain high. The inflammatory pathogenesis and organ injury leading to …

Innate immune receptors for pathogen-and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs
and DAMPs) orchestrate inflammatory responses to infection and injury. Secreted by …

Mastitis, a highly prevalent disease in dairy cows, is commonly caused by local infection of
the mammary gland. Our previous studies have suggested that the gut microbiota plays an …