Importance Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy and
fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Recent advances in systemic and …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent disease with a progression that is modulated
by the immune system. Systemic therapy is used in the advanced stage and until 2017 …

Strategies for unlocking immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment have been
investigated to overcome resistance to first-generation immune checkpoint blockade with …

ABSTRACT Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a cell surface receptor that functions as a T cell
checkpoint and plays a central role in regulating T cell exhaustion. Binding of PD-1 to its …

In less than a decade, half a dozen immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved and
are currently revolutionising the treatment of many cancer (sub) types. With the clinical …

abstract Despite significant research efforts, only a few treatment approaches have been
developed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, immune checkpoint …

Immunocheckpoint proteins of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes play an important role in tumor
prognosis in the course of tumor clinicopathology. PD‐1 (Programmed cell death protein 1) …

HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide,
with several etiologic causes, mostly inflammation-associated. Different inflammatory …

ABSTRACT Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step of
the so-called “kynurenine pathway”, which converts the essential amino acid L-tryptophan …

Abstract Treatment of cancers has always been a challenge for physicians. Typically,
several groups of anti-cancer medications are needed for effective management of an …