Biologic sex influences many variables that are important to brain health in general, and to
stroke or cerebral ischemia in particular, such as general health status, cerebrovascular …

Hormones regulate homeostasis by communicating through the bloodstream to the body's
organs, including the brain. As homeostatic regulators of brain function, some hormones …

Risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with age-related loss of sex steroid
hormones in both women and men. In post-menopausal women, the precipitous depletion of …

There is ample empirical evidence to support the notion that the biological impacts of
estrogen extend beyond the gonads to other bodily systems, including the brain and …

Astrocytes are essential for the development and homeostatic maintenance of the central
nervous system (CNS). They are also critical players in the CNS injury response during …

Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is the second most
common cause of dementia. While males overall appear to be at a slightly higher risk for …

Abstract The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has required the inclusion of women in
clinical studies since 1993, which has enhanced our understanding of how biological sex …

Sex differences in stroke are observed across epidemiologic studies, pathophysiology,
treatments, and outcomes. These sex differences have profound implications for effective …

A promising strategy to delay and perhaps prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to identify the
age-related changes that put the brain at risk for the disease. A significant normal age …

We previously showed that middle-aged female rats sustain a larger infarct following
experimental stroke as compared to younger female rats, and paradoxically, estrogen …