The Nef protein of the human immunodeficiency virus is a crucial determinant of viral
pathogenesis and disease progression. Nef is abundantly expressed early in infection and …

The Nef protein of primate lentiviruses is a unique protein that has evolved in several ways
to manipulate the biology of an infected cell to support viral replication, immune evasion …

Animal cells harbour multiple innate effector mechanisms that inhibit virus replication. For
the pathogenic retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), these include …

After host entry through mucosal surfaces, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)
disseminates to lymphoid tissues to establish a generalized infection of the immune system …

Abstract Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) relies on host molecular machinery for
replication. Systematic attempts to genetically or biochemically define these host factors …

High-level immune activation and T cell apoptosis represent a hallmark of HIV-1 infection
that is absent from nonpathogenic SIV infections in natural primate hosts. The mechanisms …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizes Vpu, Env, and Nef to down-modulate
its primary CD4 receptor from the cell surface, and this function seems to be critical for the …

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving integrase strand transfer
inhibitors (INSTIs) have been reported to experience virological failure in the absence of …

Background Försters resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is widely used for the
analysis of protein interactions in intact cells. However, FRET microscopy is technically …

The RIG-I like receptor pathway is stimulated during RNA virus infection by interaction
between cytosolic RIG-I and viral RNA structures that contain short hairpin dsRNA and 5 …