Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, reflecting
profound disease heterogeneity, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Over the last …

In oncology, the patient state is characterized by a whole spectrum of modalities, ranging
from radiology, histology, and genomics to electronic health records. Current artificial …

Background Adjuvant radiotherapy is prescribed after breast-conserving surgery to reduce
the risk of local recurrence. However, radiotherapy is inconvenient, costly, and associated …

Background The recurrence score based on the 21-gene breast-cancer assay has been
clinically useful in predicting a chemotherapy benefit in hormone-receptor–positive, human …

Breast cancer is treated with a multidisciplinary approach involving surgical oncology,
radiation oncology, and medical oncology. The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in …

Hormone receptor (HR)‐positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐
negative breast cancer is defined by the presence of the estrogen receptor and/or the …

Historically, studies of disseminated tumour cells in bone marrow and circulating tumour
cells in peripheral blood have provided crucial insights into cancer biology and the …

The NCCN Guidelines for Breast Cancer include up-to-date guidelines for clinical
management of patients with carcinoma in situ, invasive breast cancer, Paget disease …

During the past recent years, various therapies emerged in the era of breast cancer. Breast
cancer is a heterogeneous disease in which genetic and environmental factors are involved …

In the past decade, advances in precision oncology have resulted in an increased demand
for predictive assays that enable the selection and stratification of patients for treatment. The …