It has been 70 years since Donald Hebb published his formalized theory of synaptic
adaptation during learning. Hebb's seminal work foreshadowed some of the great …

Pavlovian fear conditioning is a particularly useful behavioral paradigm for exploring the
molecular mechanisms of learning and memory because a well-defined response to a …

I propose a reconceptualization of key phenomena important in the study of emotion—those
phenomena that reflect functions and circuits related to survival, and that are shared by …

Long-lasting memories require specific gene expression programmes that are, in part,
orchestrated by epigenetic mechanisms. Of the epigenetic modifications identified in …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop after a
traumatic experience such as domestic violence, natural disasters or combat-related trauma …

Summary Dynamic changes in 5-methylcytosine (5mC) have been implicated in the
regulation of gene expression critical for consolidation of memory. However, little is known …

Over the past 25 years, the broad field of epigenetics and, over the past decade in particular,
the emerging field of neuroepigenetics have begun to have tremendous impact in the areas …

Understanding the underlying mechanisms of memory formation and maintenance has been
a major goal in the field of neuroscience. Memory formation and maintenance are tightly …

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and
maintenance of memories is a central goal of the neuroscience community. It is well …

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of commensal microorganisms,
collectively known as the microbiota. The microbiota is a critical source of environmental …