Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family that is expressed in the
nuclei of endothelial and epithelial cells of barrier tissues, among others. It functions as an …

In the 12 years since the discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), our knowledge of their
immunobiology has expanded rapidly. Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) respond rapidly to allergen …

Introduction Epidemiological studies demonstrated that cleaning work and frequent use of
cleaning products are risk factors for asthma. Laundry detergents have been reported to …

Ketone bodies are increasingly understood to have regulatory effects on immune cell
function, with β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exerting a predominantly anti-inflammatory response …

Alternaria alternata is a saprophytic mold whose spores are disseminated in warm dry air,
the typical weather of the Mediterranean climate region (from 30° to 45°), with a peak during …

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to which humans are exposed intentionally as
nanomedicines or unintentionally as invaders, may elicit unforeseen immune reactions. An …

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) belongs to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, and its structure is similar to
IL-18. When cells are damaged or undergo necrosis, mature form of IL-33 is secreted as a …

IL-33 is an alarmin cytokine which has been implicated in allergy, fibrosis, inflammation,
tumorigenesis, metabolism, and homeostasis. However, amongst its strongest roles are in …

It is difficult to treat allergic diseases including asthma completely because its pathogenesis
remains unclear. House dust mite (HDM) is a critical allergen and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 …

Recent research into meningeal lymphatics has revealed a never-before appreciated role of
type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in modulating neuroinflammation in the central nervous …