Introduction Surgical decompression is standard care in the treatment of degenerative
spondylolisthesis in patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis, but there remains …

Abstract Background Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) aim to estimate the causal effect
of one or more interventions relative to a control. One type of outcome that can be of interest …

Objective To assess the costs and cost-effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal
endoscopic discectomy (PTED) compared with open microdiscectomy among patients with …

Importance Sciatica is commonly caused by herniated lumbar disc and contributes to severe
pain and prolonged disability. Although acupuncture is widely used by patients with chronic …

In response to spinal surgery, neurons secrete a large amount of substance P into the
epidural area. Substance P is involved in macrophage differentiation and fibrotic disease …

Objective To explore factors related to the postoperative recurrence of lumbar disc
herniation treated by percutaneous transforaminal endoscopy. Methods PubMed, EMBASE …

Purpose Various lumbar decompression techniques have been used for the treatment of
degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS). Few studies have compared the clinical …

Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) is an innovative technique allowing for minimally invasive,
direct visualization of spinal abnormalities. The growth of ESS in the United States has been …

Purpose To compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic
discectomy (PTED) and unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy (UBE) for the treatment of …

MATERIALS AND METHODS Full methods of the current review have been previously
published, and the study protocol was registered in the international prospective register of …