The human macula uniquely concentrates three carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-
zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin must be obtained from dietary sources such as green …

AMD is a major cause of legal blindness in older adults approachable through
multidisciplinary research involving human tissues and patients. AMD is a vascular …

Carotenoids are orange, yellow, and red lipophilic pigments present in many fruit and
vegetables, as well as other food groups. Some carotenoids contribute to vitamin A …

Carotenoid dietary intake and their endogenous levels have been associated with a
decreased risk of several chronic diseases. There are indications that carotenoid …

Current evidence suggests lutein and its isomers play important roles in ocular development
in utero and throughout the life span, in vision performance in young and later adulthood …

Among the more than 750 carotenoids identified in nature, only lutein, zeaxanthin, meso-
zeaxanthin, and their oxidative metabolites are selectively accumulated in the macula lutea …

Humans are unique indiscriminate carotenoid accumulators, so the human body
accumulates a wide range of dietary carotenoids of different types and to varying …

Carotenoids exert a rich variety of physiological functions in mammals and are beneficial for
human health. These lipids are acquired from the diet and metabolized to apocarotenoids …

Lutein is one of the few xanthophyll carotenoids that is found in high concentration in the
macula of human retina. As de novo synthesis of lutein within the human body is impossible …

Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family that is found abundantly in marine
organisms, and has been gaining attention in recent years due to its varied biological …