Global climate change adversities have particularly sparked the urgency in mitigating
carbon dioxide emissions across the world. Against this backdrop, the paper attempts to …

The economies of the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are heavily reliant on
oil. Greater economic diversification would reduce their exposure to volatility and uncertainty …

We investigate the trade-economic growth nexus in developing countries considering the
structure of the external sector. The economic literature has examined the effects on growth …

This paper takes a fresh look at the current theories of structural transformation and the role
of private and public fundamentals in the process. It summarizes some representative past …

Why is there so little industry in Africa? Over the past forty years, industry and business
interests have moved increasingly from the developed to the developing world, yet Africa's …

This departmental paper analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism in the
Asia Pacific region, Latin America, and Caribbean countries. Many tourism dependent …

Latin America and the Caribbean is a middle-income region. The typical country in the
region has an income per capita about 25 percent above the typical country in the world, but …

Can the enforcement of product standards be protectionism in disguise? This paper
estimates the costs of non-compliance with US product standards, using a new database on …

This paper develops new estimates of export quality, based on bilateral data, which are far
more extensive than previous efforts. The data cover 166 countries and more than 800 …

We assess the properties of currency value strategies based on real exchange rates. We
find that real exchange rates have predictive power for the cross-section of currency excess …