The thymus is the primary organ responsible for generating functional T cells in vertebrates.
Although T cell differentiation within the thymus has been an area of intense investigation …

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is now the pre-eminent vertebrate model system for clarification
of the roles of specific genes and signaling pathways in development. The zebrafish …

Members of the Snail family of transcription factors have been shown to induce epithelial-
mesenchymal transition (EMT), a fundamental mechanism of embryogenesis and …

Neurulation occurs during the early embryogenesis of chordates, and it results in the
formation of the neural tube, a dorsal hollow nerve cord that constitutes the rudiment of the …

Cranial placodes are focal regions of thickened ectoderm in the head of vertebrate embryos
that give rise to a wide variety of cell types, including elements of the paired sense organs …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling, particularly signalling from the bone
morphogenetic protein (BMP) members of this protein family, is crucial for the development …

Artemin (ARTN) is a member of the GDNF family of ligands and signals through the
Ret/GFRα3 receptor complex. Characterization of ARTN-and GFRα3-deficient mice revealed …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have diverse and sometimes paradoxical effects
during embryonic development. To determine the mechanisms underlying BMP actions, we …

Transforming growth factor betas (TGFβs) are pleiotropic cytokines involved in many
biological processes. Genetic engineering and tissue explanation studies have revealed …

Hematopoietic cells have been reported to convert into a number of non-hematopoietic cells
types after transplantation/injury. Here, we have used a lineage tracing approach to …