In December, 2019, reports emerged from Wuhan, China, of a severe acute respiratory
disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By the …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the genus
Betacoronavirus within the family Coronaviridae. It is an enveloped single-stranded positive …

The IL-1 family of cytokines are well-known for their primary role in initiating inflammatory
responses both in response to and acting as danger signals. It has long been established …

Neutrophils represent the first line of cellular defense against invading microorganism by
rapidly moving across the blood–endothelial cell (EC) barrier and exerting effector cell …

Abstract Treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS), remain unsolved problems of intensive care medicine …

Appearance of alveolar protein-rich edema is an early event in the development of acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar edema in ARDS results from a significant …

Inflammasomes form a crucial part of the innate immune system. These are multi-protein
oligomer platforms that are composed of intracellular sensors which are coupled with …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops rapidly and has a high mortality rate.
Survivors usually have low quality of life. Current clinical management strategies are …

Lung macrophages are long living cells with broad differentiation potential, which reside in
the lung interstitium and alveoli or are organ-recruited upon inflammatory stimuli. A role of …

Tissue stiffening is a predominant feature of fibrosis and it obstructs organs whose
mechanical properties are important for their function, such as the heart, lung, skin, and …