Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremor
and bradykinesia and is a common neurologic ailment. Male sex and advancing age are …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a 200 year-long research
history. Our understanding about its clinical phenotype and pathogenesis remains limited …

Objective The assessment of potentially confounding factors affecting colon microbiota
composition is essential to the identification of robust microbiome based disease markers …

Our understanding of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal system in patients with Parkinson's
disease has increased substantially in the past decade. The entire gastrointestinal tract is …

The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in the body and has the
potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an …

Parkinson disease (PD) follows a defined clinical pattern, and a range of nonmotor
symptoms precede the motor phase. The predominant early nonmotor manifestations are …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized
pathologically by the presence of α‐synuclein (α‐syn)‐rich Lewy bodies. As clinical …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually characterized by cardinal motor impairments. However,
a range of non-motor symptoms precede the motor-phase and are major determinants for …

Background The presence of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites (LN) has been demonstrated
in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The aims of the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and 70–80% of PD patients suffer
from gastrointestinal dysfunction such as constipation. We aimed to assess the efficacy and …