Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently observed in human
cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor PD-1 on activated T cells inhibits anti-tumor …

The immune system functions in a sexually dimorphic manner, with females exhibiting more
robust immune responses than males. However, how female sex hormones affect immune …

Although the role of PD-L1 in suppressing the anti-tumor immune response is extensively
documented, recent discoveries indicate a distinct tumor-intrinsic role for PD-L1 in …

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) acts on PD-1 ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) to
suppress activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. The
main focus of ICB has been on reinvigorating the adaptive immune response, namely …

Estrogen receptors are broadly expressed in many cell types involved in the innate and
adaptive immune responses, and differentially regulate the production of cytokines. While …

Breast cancer was traditionally not considered a particularly immunogenic tumor. However,
recent developments have shown that some aggressive triple-negative breast cancers are …

Background This trial aimed to analyse the safety, effectiveness and transcriptomic
characteristics of neoadjuvant toripalimab plus chemotherapy in II–III non-small-cell lung …

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as one the most important immune checkpoint was
verified to involve in chemotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) …

Lung cancer mortality represents the leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United
States and worldwide. Almost half of these deaths occur in female patients, making lung …