With the advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), new, high-throughput serial
crystallography techniques for macromolecular structure determination have emerged …

In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow
new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid …

This review highlights recent efforts on applying electron microscopy (EM) to soft (including
biological) nanomaterials. We will show how developments of both the hardware and …

BACKGROUND Conformational changes are essential for the correct functioning of
biological macromolecules. Time-resolved x-ray crystallography extends an extremely …

Linear accelerator-based free-electron lasers (FELs) are the leading source of fully coherent
X-rays with ultra-high peak powers and ultra-short pulse lengths. Current X-ray FEL facilities …

INTRODUCTION Retinal is a light-sensitive protein ligand that is used by all domains of life
to process the information and energy content of light. Retinal-binding proteins are integral …

A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

X-ray crystallography has been central to the development of many fields of science over the
past century. It has now matured to a point that as long as good-quality crystals are …

A variety of organisms have evolved mechanisms to detect and respond to light, in which the
response is mediated by protein structural changes after photon absorption. The initial step …

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a light-driven proton pump and a model membrane transport
protein. We used time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography at an x-ray free electron …