Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is widespread in the US dairy industry and the
majority of producers do not actively try to manage or reduce BLV incidence within their …

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a type C retrovirus infecting bovine B cells and causing
enzootic bovine leukosis. Since it takes long periods to develop the disease, it is believed …

For a practical need, fast and efficient methods to quantify mRNA expression are expecting.
By using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with the …

Enzootic bovine leukosis, caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), is the most common
neoplasm of dairy cattle. Although beef and dairy cattle are susceptible to BLV infection and …

The inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-
ligand 1 (PD-L1) are involved in immune evasion mechanisms for several pathogens …

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is widespread mainly in dairy cattle and 5–10% of
infected animals will die due to lymphosarcoma; most cattle remain asymptomatic but 30 …

Immune exhaustion is a state of immune cell dysfunction that occurs most commonly
following chronic exposure to an antigen which persists after the immune response fails to …

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that infects B cells in cattle and causes bovine
leukosis after a long latent period. Progressive exhaustion of T cell functions is considered to …

Previously, we found an up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α and an
imbalance of TNF receptors in sheep experimentally infected with bovine leukemia virus …

Simple Summary Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine
leukosis (EBL), which is the most significant neoplastic disease in cattle. EBL is often …